There can be different types of constructions involve deep excavation work. In foundation construction for high rise buildings, basement construction, foundations for bridge construction, underground railway stations, canal constructions, water or drainage pipe laying and many other construction works which were not listed here involves deep excavation work in construction industry. Shoring There are several methods or techniques used in shoring works for deep excavation such as; Sheet piling with lateral bracing Diaphragm walls Secant pile walls Contiguous bored pile walls Soil nailing and shotcreting H iron and wooden plank shoring etc. Diaphragm wall after excavation, supported with ground anchors. Secant pile wall after excavation, supported by ground anchors Sheet pile wall after excavation, supported with lateral steel bracing system. Installation of lateral bracings using universal steel sections Excavation Long arm excavators will be more useful in deep excavation work
Post tensioning Materials PC Strands Strands 0.50” Nominal Diameter 12.7mm Nominal Area 98.71mm² Nominal Weight 0.775kg/m Tensile Strength 1860N/mm2 Modulus of Elasticity 195kN/mm Min Breaking Load of Strand 183.7kN International Standard Used ASTM A416 Sheathings The sheathings for bonded tendons shall be spirally wound galvanized steel tubing made from galvanized steel strips of 0.3 to 0.4mm thickness. The sheathings shall be mortar tight to prevent entrance of cement grout during concreting and shall be corrugated for better bo